Page 64 - PPWP 700_PART 1_FINAL

Theme 2

ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research. The
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approach adopted by qualitative researchers tends to be inductive
which means that they develop a theory or look for a pattern of
meaning on the basis of the data that they have collected. The
approach to data collection and analysis is methodical, but allows for
greater flexibility than in quantitative research.

This involves a move from the specific to the general and is
sometimes called a bottom-up approach. However, most research
projects also involve a certain degree of deductive reasoning.
Qualitative researchers do not base their research on pre-
determined hypotheses. Nevertheless, they clearly identify a problem
or topic that they want to explore and may be guided by a theoretical
lens - a kind of overarching theory which provides a framework for
their investigation.

The approach to data collection and analysis is methodical, but
allows for greater flexibility than in quantitative research. Data is
collected in textual form on the basis of observation and interaction
with the participants e.g. through participant observation, in-depth
interviews and focus groups. It is not converted into numerical form
and is not statistically analysed.

Data collection may be carried out in several stages rather than a
onceoff exercise. The researchers may even adapt the process mid-
way, deciding to address additional issues or dropping questions
which are not appropriate on the basis of what they learn during the
process. In some cases, the researchers will interview or observe a
set number of people. In other cases, the process of data collection
Professional portfolio and workplace project - Part 1
and analysis may continue until the researchers find that no new
issues are emerging.

Qualitative research is the approach usually associated with the
social constructivist paradigm which emphasises the socially-
L
E constructed nature of reality. It is about recording, analysing and
© Copyright reserved T U human behaviour and experience, including contradictory beliefs,
attempting to uncover the deeper meaning and significance of

behaviours and emotions. Researchers are interested in gaining a

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Basics of research methdology
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